конструкторы копий

class noname        
{
public:
    noname() : pstring(new std::string), i(0), d(0) {}
    noname(const noname&);
private:
    std::string *pstring;
    int i;
    double d;
};

#include "cla.h"
noname::noname(const noname& orig) : i(orig.i), d(orig.d) { *pstring = *orig.pstring; }

noname::noname(const noname& orig) : i(orig.i), d(orig.d) { pstring = new std::string(*orig.pstring); }

noname::noname(const noname& orig) : i(orig.i), d(orig.d), pstring(new std::string(*orig.pstring)) {}

#include <iostream>
 
using namespace std;
 
class Member
{
public:
    Member(int v) : v(v) { cout << "Member constructor (" << v << ")" << endl; }
    ~Member() { cout << "Member destructor (" << v << ")" << endl; }
private:
    int v;
};
 
class BaseWrong
{
public:
    BaseWrong(int v) : v(v) { cout << "BaseWrong constructor (" << v << ")" << endl; }
    ~BaseWrong() { cout << "BaseWrong destructor (" << v << ")" << endl; }
protected:
    int v;
};
 
class BaseCorrect
{
public:
    BaseCorrect(int v) : v(v) { cout << "BaseCorrect constructor (" << v << ")" << endl; }
    virtual ~BaseCorrect() { cout << "BaseCorrect destructor (" << v << ")" << endl; }
protected:
    int v;
};
 
class DerivWrong : public BaseWrong
{
public:
    DerivWrong(int v) : BaseWrong(v), m(v) { cout << "DerivWrong constructor (" << v << ")" << endl; }
    ~DerivWrong() { cout << "DerivWrong destructor (" << v << ")" << endl; }
private:
    Member m;
};
 
class DerivCorrect : public BaseCorrect
{
public:
    DerivCorrect(int v) : BaseCorrect(v), m(v) { cout << "DerivCorrect constructor (" << v << ")" << endl; }
    ~DerivCorrect() { cout << "DerivCorrect destructor (" << v << ")" << endl; }
private:
    Member m;
};
 
int main()
{
    DerivWrong d1(1);
    DerivCorrect d2(2);
    BaseWrong *pd3 = new DerivWrong(3);
    BaseCorrect *pd4 = new DerivCorrect(4);
    delete pd3;
    delete pd4;
 
    return 0;
}

class b
{
public:
  b{ int* x=new int[6];} 
 
~b() {delete[]x;}
 ..............
}
 b d=b();