VaultProxy. В этой задаче вам предстоит реализовать паттерн прокси

class IVault {
public:
 virtual bool unlock(int password) = 0;
};
class Vault : public IVault {
 int password;
public:
 Vault(int password): password(password) {};
 bool unlock(int pass) override {
 return password == pass;
 }
};

class Proxy : public IVault {
public:
 Proxy(IVault* realObject, int attempts);
 bool unlock(int pass) override;
};

ExceptionAttempts
class ExceptionAttempts : public std::exception {
};

#include <iostream>
 
class IVault {
public:
    virtual bool unlock(int password) = 0;
 
    virtual ~IVault() = default; // для порядку
};
 
class Vault : public IVault {
public:
    Vault(int password) : password(password) {};
 
    bool unlock(int pass) override {
        return password == pass;
    }
 
private:
    int password;
};
 
class ExceptionAttempts : public std::exception {
public:
    ExceptionAttempts() : std::exception() {}
};
 
 
class Proxy : public IVault {
public:
    Proxy(IVault *realObject, size_t maxAttempts)
        : realObject(realObject), maxAttempts(maxAttempts - 1), attempts{} {}
 
    bool unlock(int pass) override {
        if (attempts > maxAttempts) {
            throw ExceptionAttempts();
        }
        auto result = realObject->unlock(pass);
        if (result != true) {
            ++attempts;
        }
        return result;
    }
 
private:
    IVault *realObject;
    size_t maxAttempts;
    size_t attempts;
};
 
 
int main() {
    Vault vault(123);
    Proxy proxyVault(&vault, 3);
 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
        try {
            std::cout << i << ": " << proxyVault.unlock(i) << std::endl;
        } catch (const ExceptionAttempts &e) {
            std::cout << i << ": " << e.what() << std::endl;
        }
    }
 
    return 0;
}