Как получить из поля уникальный список символов?

declare @tabl table (fild varchar(100))
 
insert into @tabl values ('Маша'),('Вася')
 
select * from @tabl;
 
with sss
as
(select isnull(t.fild,'') as f, 1 as i, SUBSTRING(isnull(t.fild,''),1,1) fi
from @tabl t
union ALL
select f, sss.i+1, SUBSTRING(f,i+1,1)
from sss
WHERE LEN(sss.f)>=sss.i+1
)
select distinct fi
from sss

Use tempdb
go
 
Create table #t (txt varchar(255))
go
 
insert into #t (txt) 
Values ('Вася'), ('Маша')
 
; With N as (Select t.n N From (Values (0), (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9)) t(n)),
NN as (Select ROW_NUMBER() over (order by 1/0) NN from N a cross join N b cross join N c)
Select distinct SUBSTRING(a.txt, b.NN, 1) collate Cyrillic_General_BIN2 ch
from
    #t a
    Cross join NN b
Where NN<=len(a.txt)

declare @tabl table (fild varchar(100))
 
insert into @tabl values ('МашаТт'),('ВасяЯ')
 
select * from @tabl;
 
with sss
as
(select isnull(t.fild,'') as f, 1 as i, SUBSTRING(isnull(t.fild,''),1,1) collate Cyrillic_General_BIN2 fi
from @tabl t
union ALL
select f, sss.i+1, SUBSTRING(f,i+1,1) collate Cyrillic_General_BIN2
from sss
WHERE LEN(sss.f)>=sss.i+1
)
select distinct fi
from sss

drop table #t

Use tempdb
go
 
Create table #t (txt varchar(255) collate Cyrillic_General_BIN2)
go
 
insert into #t (txt) 
Values ('Вася'), ('Маша')
 
; With s as (
Select * from (Values
 ('А')
,('Б')
,('В')
,('Г')
,('Д')
,('Е')
,('Ж')
,('З')
,('И')
,('Й')
,('К')
,('Л')
,('М')
,('Н')
,('О')
,('П')
,('Р')
,('С')
,('Т')
,('У')
,('Ф')
,('Х')
,('Ц')
,('Ч')
,('Ш')
,('Щ')
,('Ъ')
,('Ы')
,('Ь')
,('Э')
,('Ю')
,('Я')
,('а')
,('б')
,('в')
,('г')
,('д')
,('е')
,('ж')
,('з')
,('и')
,('й')
,('к')
,('л')
,('м')
,('н')
,('о')
,('п')
,('р')
,('с')
,('т')
,('у')
,('ф')
,('х')
,('ц')
,('ч')
,('ш')
,('щ')
,('ъ')
,('ы')
,('ь')
,('э')
,('ю')
,('я')
) t(ch)
)
Select Distinct a.ch 
from s a Cross join #t b
Where b.txt <> Replace(b.txt, a.ch, '') collate Cyrillic_General_BIN2

With N as (Select t.n N From (Values (0), (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9)) t(n)),
NN as (Select ROW_NUMBER() over (order by 1/0) NN from N a cross join N b cross join N c)

Use tempdb
go
 
Create table #t (txt nvarchar(255) collate Cyrillic_General_BIN2)
go
 
insert into #t (txt) 
Values (N'Вася'), (N'Маша')
 
; With s as (
Select NCHAR(ROW_NUMBER() over (order by 1/0) - 1) collate Cyrillic_General_BIN2 ch from string_split(replicate(Cast(' ' as varchar(max)), 65535), ' ')
)
Select Distinct a.ch 
from s a Cross join #t b
Where b.txt <> Replace(b.txt, a.ch, '') collate Cyrillic_General_BIN2

Drop Table If Exists #tmp, #list;
 
Declare @m Int, @r Int = 0, @s VarChar(1000), @l Int, @n Int, @c Char(1), @t DateTime = GetDate();
 
 
 
Select Row_Number() Over(Order By id) As RN, text
 
Into   #tmp
 
From   #bad
 
 
 
Create Unique Clustered Index RN On #tmp(RN);
 
Select @m = Max(RN) From #tmp;
 
Create Table #list(U Int, C Char(1));
 
 
 
While (@r < @m)
 
       Begin
 
             Set @r = @r + 1;
 
             Select @s = text From #tmp Where RN = @r;
 
             Set @l = DataLength(@s);
 
             Set @n = 0;
 
 
 
             While (@n < @l)
 
                    Begin
 
                           Set @n = @n + 1;
 
                           Set @c = SubString(@s, @n, 1);
 
 
 
                           Insert Into #list(U,           C)
 
                           Select                UniCode(@c), @c  
 
                    End
 
       End
 
 
 
Print Convert(Char(12), GetDate() - @t, 114);  -- 3.5 min
 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Create Index U On #list(U) Include(C);  -- 1 sec
 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Drop Table If Exists #uniq;
 
Create Table #uniq(U Int Primary Key, C Char(1));
 
Declare @t DateTime = GetDate();
 
 
 
Insert Into #uniq(U, C)
 
Select       U, C
 
From         #list
 
Group By     U, C
 
 
 
Print Convert(Char(12), GetDate() - @t, 114);  -- 2 sec
 
-- ================================================================================================
 
Drop Table If Exists #uniq2;
 
With s As (Select NChar From dbo.sku_Sym)
 
Select       Distinct a.NChar
 
Into         #uniq2
 
From         s             As A
 
Cross Join   #bad   As B
 
Where        (B.text Collate Cyrillic_General_BIN <> Replace(B.text Collate Cyrillic_General_BIN, A.NChar, '') )      -- 5 min
 
-- ================================================================================================
 
Drop Table If Exists #uniq3;
 
With N As (Select UniCode From dbo.sku_Sym)
 
Select       Distinct SubString(A.text, B.UniCode, 1) Collate Cyrillic_General_BIN As NChar
 
Into         #uniq3
 
From         #bad   As A
 
Cross Join   N             As B
 
Where        UniCode <= Len(A.Text)     -- 1 sec
 
-- ================================================================================================
 
Drop Table If Exists #uniq4;
 
With sss As
 
       (
 
             Select t.text As f, 1 as i, SubString(t.text, 1, 1) Collate Cyrillic_General_BIN As fi
 
             From   #bad As t
 
             Union All
 
             Select f, sss.i + 1, SubString(f, i + 1, 1) Collate Cyrillic_General_BIN
 
             From   sss
 
             Where  Len(sss.f) >= sss.i + 1
 
       )
 
Select Distinct fi As NChar
 
Into   #uniq4
 
From   sss
 
Option (MaxRecursion 0)    -- 4 sec
 
-- ================================================================================================