Тип переменной char

#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
 
std::istream& operator>> (std::istream &s, signed char &c) {
    short t;
    s >> t;
    c = (t < std::numeric_limits<char>::min()
         ? std::numeric_limits<char>::min()
         : (t > std::numeric_limits<char>::max()
            ? std::numeric_limits<char>::max()
            : static_cast<char>(t)));
 
    return s;
}
 
std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream &s, signed char c) {
    s << static_cast<short>(c);
    return s;
}
 
int main() {
    using namespace std;
 
    signed char ch;
    cin >> ch;
    cout << ch << endl;
 
    return 0;
}

char c;
cin >> *(int*)&c;
cout << (int)c;

#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>
 
bool input_int(FILE * f, int & result)
{
    int value = 0;
    int cur = EOF;
    bool negative = false;
    do {
        cur = fgetc(f);
    } while (isspace(cur));
    
    negative = (cur == '-');
    if (negative || (cur == '+')) {
        cur = fgetc(f);
    }
    
    if (!isdigit(cur)) {
        ungetc(cur, f);
        return false;
    }
    
    do {
        value = 10 * value + (cur - '0');
    } while ((cur = fgetc(f)) != EOF && isdigit(cur));
    ungetc(cur, f);
    result = value;
    if (negative) {
        result *= -1;
    }
    return true;
}
 
 
int main()
{
    int v1 = 0;
    if (input_int(stdin, v1)) {
        std::cout << v1 << "\n";
    } else {
        std::cout << "input error\n" << INT_MAX;
    }
}