Курага

apricots = [3, 5, 7.5, 18]
dried_apricots([1.5, 5.1, 3.74, 15])
print(apricots)
dried_apricots([0, 2.6, 0, 8])
print(apricots)
dried_apricots([0, 2.45, 0, 0])
print(apricots)

def dried_apricots(lst):
    global apricots
    apricots = list(map(lambda x: 0 if not x[0] or x[0] / x[1] >= 2 else x[1] if x[1] > x[0] else x[0], zip(apricots, lst)))
 
 
apricots = [3, 5, 7.5, 18]
dried_apricots([1.5, 5.1, 3.74, 15])
print(apricots)
dried_apricots([0, 2.6, 0, 8])
print(apricots)
dried_apricots([0, 2.45, 0, 0])
print(apricots)

def dried_apricots(lst):
    def f(x, y):
        tmp = [j if j > i else 0 if not i or not j or i / j >= 2 else i for i, j in zip(x, y)]
        return tmp
 
    apricots[:] = f(apricots, lst)
 
 
apricots = [3, 5, 7.5, 18]
dried_apricots([1.5, 5.1, 3.74, 15])
print(apricots)
dried_apricots([0, 2.6, 0, 8])
print(apricots)
dried_apricots([0, 2.45, 0, 0])
print(apricots)

def dried_apricots(lst):
    tmp = [0 if 2*y < x else y if y > x else x for x, y in zip(apricots.copy(), lst)]
    apricots.clear()
    apricots.extend(tmp)

def dried_apricots(lst):
    apricots[:] = [0 if 2*y < x else y if y > x else x for x, y in zip(apricots, lst)]

def dried_apricots(lst):
    for index, (current, received) in enumerate(zip(apricots, lst)):
        if received > current:
            apricots[index] = received
        elif received * 2 < current:
            apricots[index] = 0