Что делать если XOR пропускает NULL (0-вые) байты

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string encryptDecrypt(string toEncrypt) {
    char key = 'K'; //Any char will work
    string output = toEncrypt;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < toEncrypt.size(); i++)
        output[i] = toEncrypt[i] ^ key;
    
    return output;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
int main()
{
    std::string text{"Hello World"};
    text[5] = 0;
    std::cout << text << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
    std::string text{ "Hel\0lo World" };
    std::cout << text << std::endl;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
int main()
{
    std::string text{"Hello World"};
    text[5] = 0;
    auto copy = text;
    std::cout << copy << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
    std::string text{ "Hel\0lo World" };
    std::string output = text;
    std::cout << output << std::endl;
}

#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <iomanip>
 
std::vector<char> toVector(const std::string &str)
{
  return std::vector<char>(str.begin(), str.end());
}
 
std::string toString(const std::vector<char> &bs)
{
  std::stringstream ss;
  ss << std::hex << std::setfill('0');
  for (const auto &b : bs) {
    ss << std::setw(2) << (int)b << " ";
  }
  return ss.str();
}
 
std::string asString(const std::vector<char> &bs)
{
  return std::string(bs.begin(), bs.end());
}
 
std::vector<char> encrypt(const std::vector<char> &bs, char key = 'K')
{
  std::vector<char> result(bs.size());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < bs.size(); ++i) {
    result[i] = bs[i] ^ key;
  }
  return result;
}
 
int main()
{
  std::string str{"Hello Key World"};
  std::cout << "Input string:     " << str << std::endl;
 
  auto bs = toVector(str);
  std::cout << "Input vector:     " << toString(bs) << std::endl;
 
  bs = encrypt(bs);
  std::cout << "Encrypted vector: " << toString(bs) << std::endl;
 
  bs = encrypt(bs);
  std::cout << "Decrypted vector: " << toString(bs) << std::endl;
 
  str = asString(bs);
  std::cout << "Decrypted string: " << str << std::endl;
 
  return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <iomanip>
 
std::string toString(const std::vector<char> &bs)
{
  std::stringstream ss;
  ss << std::hex << std::setfill('0');
  for (const auto &b : bs) {
    ss << std::setw(2) << (int)b << " ";
  }
  return ss.str();
}
 
int main()
{
  std::string file_name = "data.bin";
  std::vector<char> data{{'A', 0, 'B'}};
 
  std::ofstream fout{file_name, std::ios::binary};
  fout.write(data.data(), data.size());
  fout.close();
 
  std::ifstream fin{file_name, std::ios::binary};
  data = std::vector<char>{std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(fin),
                           std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()};
  fin.close();
 
  std::cout << toString(data) << std::endl;
  return 0;
}