Наследование и конструктор с аргументами по умолчанию

Object(const D3DXVECTOR3& position, 
        const D3DXVECTOR3& torsionAxis = D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), const FLOAT& torsionAngle = 0.0f, const FLOAT& dTorsionAngle = 0.0f,
        const D3DXVECTOR3& rotationAngle = D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), const D3DXVECTOR3& dRotationAngle = D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f))
    {
        this->position = position;
 
        this->rotationAngle = rotationAngle; 
        this->dRotationAngle = dRotationAngle;
 
        this->torsionAxis = torsionAxis;
        this->torsionAngle = torsionAngle; 
        this->dTorsionAngle = dTorsionAngle;
    }

#define VAL1 100

const int VAL1=100

class Base 
{
/*...*/
Base(const Base& object)
{
/*...*/
}
/*...*/
};
 
class B:public Base
{
/*...*/
B(const B& obj) : Base(obj)
{
/*...*/
}
/*...*/
};

Cl::Cl (int a = 0, int b = 1, int c = 3)
: m_a (a)
, m_b (b)
, m_c (c)
{}

Cl::Cl (int a, int b, int c)
: m_a (a)
, m_b (b)
, m_c (c)
{} 
Cl::Cl (int a)
: m_a (a)
, m_b (2)
, m_c (3)
{}

#include <iostream>
 
class A
{
  public:
    A() {}
    A(const int a1, const int b1, const int c1, const int d1) :
        a(a1), b(b1), c(c1), d(d1) {}
    virtual ~A() {}
    virtual void print() const
    {
        std::cout << a << " " << b << " " << c << " " << d;
    }
 
  private:
    int a, b,c, d;
};
 
class B : public A
{
  public:
    B() : A() {}
    B(const int a1) : A(a1, defaultb, defaultc, defaultd) {}
    B(const int a1, const int b1, const int c1, const int d1) :
        A(a1, b1, c1, d1) {}
    virtual ~B() {}
 
  private:
    const static int defaultb = 0, defaultc = 0, defaultd = 0;
};
 
class C : public B
{
  public:
    C() {}
    C(const int a1, const int e1) : B(a1), e(e1) {}
    C(const int a1, const int b1, const int c1, const int d1, const int e1) :
        B(a1, b1, c1, d1), e(e1) {}
    virtual void print() const
    {
        A::print();
        std::cout << " " << e << std::endl;
    }
 
  private:
    int e;
};
 
 
int main()
{
    C c(1, 3);
    c.print();
}